The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), has been experiencing major changes and a consistent decline in participation since last July, after a Republican tax and spending package became law. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act had a high volume of changes to the food assistance program following the White House calling SNAP “bloated” while saying it was failing to “serve as temporary help for those who encounter tough times,” according to NPR.
The “most drastic” changes haven’t even occurred yet, however there are already over 4 million people who are estimated to have lost the critical food aid between last July and April, a lot of which are children.
President of child advocacy group the Children’s Defense Fund, Starsky Wilson, told reporters how “alarmed” he was at how quickly the tax law has impacted so many American citizens.
“We’re upset about how quickly this has happened. There are some supports that are still staged to go away later this year. So there could be an even greater sense of desperation among children and their families as we come to the end of this year.”
Embed from Getty Images
SNAP itself has been restricting their eligibility throughout the past year, specifically in October when the food assistance program began restructuring their funding model. In order for the program to stay functional, every state will need to pay millions of dollars in additional costs.
These increased costs have food policy experts warning that many states will likely be driven to scale back, or completely withdraw, from SNAP. Wilson pointed out that if this were to occur, other government assistance programs, like food banks, will not be able to “fill the gap.”
“There’s no replacement for SNAP if a state gets rid of it.”
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act states that more adults must prove that they work or volunteer for at least 80 hours a month in order to gain access to the benefits. These requirements now apply to veterans, homeless individuals, young adults aging out of foster care, parents with a child between the ages of 14 and 17, and people who are between 55 and 64.
According to the Congressional Budget Office, the changes made to the work requirements alone will reduce SNAP members by 2.4 million people a month between 2025 and 2034.
Certain immigrant groups are also now ineligible for food stamps, and while only a small fraction of SNAP recipients are noncitizens, according to data from the federal government, it means that refugees who are seeking asylum and victims of domestic abuse or trafficking, cannot receive federal food aid.
To look at the bigger picture, last year about 42 million people, roughly 1 in 8 Americans, received food stamps in order to buy their groceries. As of April this year, the total is now 37 million people, according to data from the Agriculture Department.
The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), a left-leaning think tank, reported that SNAP participation is down by 11% between last July and April, nationally. Arizona has seen the biggest impact with SNAP enrollment being about half the size it was last year. On average there have been over 400,000 fewer participants. According to the Arizona Food Bank Network, there are more Arizona citizens going to food banks every month than those using food stamps.
Natalie Jayroe, the CEO of the Community Food Bank of Southern Arizona, said: “We think of ourselves as the canary in the coal mine. We are showing the rest of the country a really scary scenario.”
Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma have also seen some of the deepest declines in SNAP users. The CBPP also cited data showing that 19 states, which provided the numbers of children on SNAP, saw over 1 million kids lose their food benefits within the last year.
Embed from Getty Images
The Agriculture Department also told NPR in July that SNAP benefits in general do tend to fluctuate so the drop within the past year isn’t necessarily connected to any singular policy, and could even be a good sign. “A lot of it is people taking the program that shouldn’t have been, and then a lot of it is just a better economy,” Agriculture Secretary Brook Rollins said on FOX Business.
However, senior policy analyst at CBPP, Katie Bergh, juxtaposes this sentiment and pointed out that even though unemployment rates have remained relatively steady, food prices have continued to increase. “What that’s telling us is that this is not happening because fewer people need help affording groceries. It’s the result of these policy changes.”
Bergh also emphasized that part of the issue is that many state agencies are currently struggling with the amount of staff they have and the high volume of paperwork backlogs.
“People are calling and calling, and they can’t get through to anyone, or they’re being asked for more and more and more documentation of every aspect of their lives, and maybe they don’t have a way to document everything.”
The upcoming cost burden on states is one of the biggest, and most difficult, challenges that America will be facing. Previously, the federal government split the bill 50-50 with states to cover administrative expenses, like paying and training state agency staff members. In October of this year, the federal government will only be paying 25% with states having to take on the remaining expenses.
In October 2027, the federal government will no longer cover the full cost of food benefits.
“There’s really an existential crisis in the future of SNAP,” said Lexie Kuznick, the director of policy and government relations for the American Public Human Services Association.
Kuznick also emphasized how changes to SNAP in general “have ripple effects,” not exclusive to low-income Americans. The National Grocers Association estimates that the drop in shoppers who typically receive food aid will reduce grocery store sales throughout America by $88 billion from now until 2034.
“Groceries are a significant cost in the lives of low-income families, and it truly is a lifeline for them to be able to meet their family’s needs. We also know how critical the benefits are for entire communities,” Kuznick stated.
Eric Mastrota is a Contributing Editor at The National Digest based in New York. A graduate of SUNY New Paltz, he reports on world news, culture, and lifestyle. You can reach him at eric.mastrota@thenationaldigest.com.